Division of Health Policy and Management, Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C., Canada V6T 1Y8
The design of the user-computer interface is an important component of information system design, especially for interactive systems developed for managerial users. Graphical information presentation methods, which are among the options to be considered in interface design, have gained popularity in recent years as they have become more affordable due to cost reductions in hardware and the availability of software packages. Consequently, systems designers now face a large array of graphical representation options to choose from. Yet, graphics research over the last several years has either produced results that are contradictory or are difficult to interpret and evaluate because of the lack of a sound taxonomy for classifying tasks associated with the processing of graphical information. A key issue facing researchers is, therefore, to develop a taxonomy of tasks for guiding research in the graphics domain. This paper is an attempt to address part of this need by integrating current perspectives on how humans process information presented in graphical form into frameworks and taxonomies useful for understanding, measuring, and evaluating the relative merits of different forms of graphical representation. The paper begins with a review of the relevant literature from which two taxonomies are developed for a selected set of tasks and graphical representations. These taxonomies are then matched using the notion of anchoring characteristics. Anchoring, in the context of this paper, refers to the phenomenon that specific and diverse parts of an image are segmented by graph readers to act as salient and relevant cues, or anchors, when different classes of information are to be extracted from it. In addition, the paper examines the underlying theoretical and empirical support for the anchoring notion, and suggests ways in which the theoretical framework presented may be extended to other tasks and graphical representations.